Plaque and Calculus in Dogs and Cats: Understanding, Prevention, and Treatment

As loving pet owners, we all want to ensure our furry friends lead happy, healthy lives. We often focus on diet, exercise, and regular check-ups, but oral health is an equally important aspect of our pets’ overall well-being. Just like in humans, dental issues can arise in dogs and cats, leading to discomfort, pain, and potentially serious health problems. We’ll explain the two of the key concerns in pet dental health: plaque and calculus in dogs and cats. Understanding these issues and how to prevent and treat them is crucial to keeping your pet’s smile bright and their health intact.

Plaque is a sticky biofilm made up of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that forms on the teeth of dogs and cats. It’s the first step in the development of dental disease and, if not managed, can lead to more serious issues. Plaque is nearly invisible, but its presence can lead to bad breath and a slimy feeling on your pet’s teeth.

Dental Calculus, also known as tartar, is plaque that has hardened over time due to mineralization. Tartar forms when plaque is not effectively removed, turning into a tough, yellowish-brown substance that clings to the teeth. Unlike plaque, tartar cannot be removed with simple brushing and requires professional dental care. It often starts at the gumline and can contribute to gum inflammation and other oral health problems.

Ultimately, the best way to protect your pet from dental disease is through prevention and early intervention.

Brushing your pet’s teeth regularly with a pet-specific toothbrush and toothpaste is the most effective way to prevent plaque buildup. Start slowly, and make the experience positive and stress-free for your pet.

Providing your pet with dental chews and toys can help remove plaque as they chew and play. Products approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council are effective and safe for your pet.

There are products that you can add to your pet’s water or applied directly to their teeth to help reduce plaque formation and maintain oral hygiene.

If your pet has developed tartar, a professional dental cleaning performed by a veterinarian is necessary. This procedure, conducted under anesthesia, involves scaling and polishing the teeth to remove tartar and restore oral health. Professional cleanings may be recommended every 6-12 months, depending on your pet’s needs.

Anesthesia-free pet dentistry is marketed as safe, but it doesn’t allow for a thorough dental evaluation or cleaning. Proper dental care, including imaging and cleaning below the gum line, requires anesthesia to protect the pet’s airway and allow full examination of the mouth. Anesthesia-free procedures can be stressful, painful, and risky, potentially leading to serious complications like jaw fractures. The American Veterinary Dental College does not endorse anesthesia-free dentistry.

Also, specialized dental diets designed to reduce plaque and tartar buildup are available. These diets often feature larger kibble sizes and unique textures that promote the mechanical cleaning of the teeth as your pet chews.

Another recommendation is to utilize dental treats and supplements can support your pet’s oral health by helping to reduce plaque and tartar formation. Use these in combination with regular dental care measures for the best results.

Additionally, routine check-ups with your veterinarian are essential for catching dental issues early. Your vet can assess your pet’s oral health and recommend appropriate treatments or preventive measures to ensure their teeth and gums stay healthy.

Overall, maintaining your pet’s oral health is an essential part of their overall care. By understanding the differences between plaque and calculus and how these conditions develop, you can take proactive steps to protect your pet from dental disease. With regular at-home care, professional cleanings, and a balanced diet, your pet can enjoy a healthy, happy smile for years to come. Always consult your veterinarian for personalized advice on your pet’s dental care needs and to ensure they receive the best possible care.